1:1 Paul. See note on Ro 1:1. apostle … by the will of God. See 1 Co 1:1 and note. Paul not only stresses his authority under God but also anticipates the strong emphasis he will make later in this chapter and book on God’s sovereign plan and purpose. God’s holy people. Those God has called to be his own people, i.e., all Christians (see vv. 15, 18). The Greek word for this phrase carried the idea of dedication to a deity (see note on Ro 1:7). in Ephesus. See NIV text note. The book may have been