The opening expression Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (“revelation of Jesus Christ”) could mean that the “revelation” is given by or from Jesus (subjective genitive or genitive of source). However, the phrase may also include the idea that the revelation is about Jesus (objective genitive), since Ἰησοῦ (“Jesus”) could be understood in this sense in a number of passages in the book (1:9; 12:17; 14:12; 17:6; 19:10a, b, 20:4; cf. 6:9; 12:17; 19:10), though this is contested by many.6 The immediate