apostle. According to common understanding, the “signs of an apostle” were simply miracles, “wonders and mighty deeds.” Yet throughout this epistle Paul points to other marks that distinguish him from the false apostles: the changed lives of the Corinthians (3:2, 3), the blameless character of his ministry (6:3–10; 7:2; 8:20, 21), his genuine love for his churches (6:11, 12; 7:3; 11:7–11), and his sacrificial endurance of suffering (6:3–10; 11:23–33). In addition to these marks, Paul is ready to