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Mystici Corporis Christi is Pius XII’s encyclical on the nature of the Church. Drawing on St. Paul’s writings on the Church as the Body of Christ, Pope Pius describes the Church as a visible, living organism, animated by the Holy Spirit and with Christ as her invisible head. This important encyclical laid the groundwork for the doctrine of the Church articulated at the Second Vatican Council.

It was possible for Him of Himself to impart these graces to mankind directly; but He willed to do so only through a visible Church made up of men, so that through her all might cooperate with Him in dispensing the graces of Redemption. As the Word of God willed to make use of our nature, when in excruciating agony He would redeem mankind, so in the same way throughout the centuries He makes use of the Church that the work begun might endure.11 13. If we would define and describe this true Church