face. This may seem unbelievable to many of you. You may think, Is that even right? Surely, the person “deep down inside” feels at least a twinge of guilt. (In our experience, no, they do not.) Paul considered himself “faultless” even though he was persecuting Christians (Phil 3:6). It was only when he was confronted by another that he realized his sin (Acts 9:1–5); this was also the case with Peter (Gal 2:11–14).10 In a shame culture, it is not the guilty conscience but the community that punishes