substitutionary atonement. Sin is interest in the world; faith is feeling, not response to what God says. Ritschl Emphasized ethical and practical aspects; his teaching became the ground for the social gospel. Rejected original sin, incarnation, deity, atonement, and resurrection of Christ. Denied sin as selfishness. Harnack Taught that Paul corrupted the teaching of Jesus and Christianity. Taught “fatherhood of God and brotherhood of man.” Denied the deity of Christ and His substitutionary atonement.