from God, principally noticed by an unrelieved feeling of guilt, would finally be removed. Trusting in God was the solution (i.e., salvation) to being alienated by one’s own guilty conscience. It was not God who was alienated from sinners, but rather sinners who were alienated from God in virtue of their guilty conscience. Finally, we should acknowledge that Ritschl was quite critical of the individualistic orientation of soteriology in Protestant Orthodoxy. He decried the individualistic notions