1:1 Paul. See Introduction: Author and Date. bondservant. Doulos, the common NT word for servant. Although in Gr. culture it is most often referred to the involuntary, permanent service of a slave, Paul elevates this word by using it in its Heb. sense to describe a servant who willingly commits himself to serve a master he loves and respects (Ex. 21:5, 6; Gal. 1:10; Titus 1:1; cf. Gen. 26:24; Num. 12:7; 2 Sam. 7:5; Is. 53:11). apostle. The Gr. word means “one who is sent.” In the NT, it primarily