The kind of rejoicing the term chairō denotes is not only a feeling and expression of joy but also an action one chooses. For instance, Paul exhorts his believers to “rejoice with those who rejoice (χαίρειν μετὰ χαιρόντων, chairein meta chairontōn)” (Rom 12:15). Like other verbs for rejoicing, chairō can be used in a positive way (e.g., 1 Cor 13:6) and in a negative way (e.g., Rev 11:10). Jesus’ disciples are instructed to rejoice when they are persecuted (Matt 5:12; Luke 5:23) and believers are