complex of rites seeks to bring about that separation, which is essential. These rites prevent unsanctioned mixture and contact, and prevent either domain from encroaching on the other’ (1995: 303). Such rites contain a taboo element which enables them to be ‘withdrawn from ordinary use’ (1995: 304). The sacred cannot emerge unless this withdrawal and distancing constantly takes place. As Frank Parkin contends, although Durkheim believed religion would survive because it was foundational to society,