which gives gloss and luster to all, [and as] the opposites of zeal, keycoldness1 and lukewarmness … are no affections, but several tempers of them all.”2 Likewise, Samuel Annesley (1620–1696), in his Cripplegate sermon on Matthew 22:37–38, said that zeal is “the boiling-up of the affections to the greatest heat.”3 And John Evans, also preaching on Revelation 3:19, argued that zeal “is not a particular grace or virtue by itself, but rather a qualification which should attend us in the exercise of