become the scapegoats of other groups resentful of Roman domination. As Gager observes regarding the leaders of the pogrom in Alexandria, “Their own anti-Semitism had its roots not in hatred of Jews as such but in nationalistic and violent anti-Romanism.”165 We know the Jewish community of Rome was even less organized and thus more vulnerable, as the expulsions under Tiberius (19 C.E.) and Claudius (49 C.E.) demonstrate.166 As Dunn observes, in Rome as elsewhere “Jews, by reason of their special
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