about the actions of God and Christ in the world,”9 in Augustine’s day, the rule of faith was best articulated through the Nicene Creed.10 Augustine is also remembered for his allegorical interpretation of Scripture. He believed that in each text there was a literal meaning, a moral meaning, and most important, a hidden spiritual meaning. Augustine was certainly not alone in this approach to Scripture; Eastern fathers, such as Clement (d. 200) and Origen (185–254) and Western pastors, like Ambrose