this “therapeutic” benefit of retrieval: previous doctrine is being applied to current theological disagreements specifically for the purpose of reconciling two estranged parties. This chapter opens by observing that contemporary atonement theology tends to be organized around either a renunciation or reaffirmation of a so-called objective model of the atonement, particularly those involving the notion of penal substitution. It seeks to bring about rapprochement between recapitulation models of atonement