in order to make the reader think about the some thing in a specific way. Writers typically use the simplest form available to refer to active participants, e.g. a pronoun (‘he’, ‘she’) when someone is active, or a simple noun phrase (‘the centurion’, ‘Zechariah’) if they have been inactive. When more information is used than what is necessary to clearly identify a participant in a context, some task in addition to disambiguation is being accomplished. The prototypical effect of adding extra information