these churches were likely composed primarily of Gentiles, since circumcision was such a serious concern. We also know that Paul founded these churches during one of his missionary journeys and had a role in their conversion to the faith (compare Gal 1:6–9; 4:13–14, 19). Regardless of their exact location, perhaps the most important thing to note about Paul’s audience is their apparent acceptance of “another gospel” (see Gal 1:6–9) and their willingness to observe parts of the law, especially circumcision