Fourth, the Holy Spirit plays a key role in Paul’s theological argument in Rom 1–11 and in his exhortations in Rom 12–15. For Paul, God’s Spirit dwelling in believers serves as proof of both the fulfillment of God’s promises in the Scriptures (e.g., Ezek 11:19–20; 36:25–27; Joel 2:28–32; Jer 31:31–33) and God’s adoption of His children (Rom 5:5; 8:12–17). The Spirit empowers ethical Christian living by liberating the believer from the power of sin (Rom 8:2), helping believers to live in obedience