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The Lexham Research Commentary is your starting point for study and research. It surveys all the relevant literature on a passage and brings the summary back to you. This guide summarizes a broad range of views on a particular passage—views you may or may not agree with, but in all cases, views you will encounter as you critically study the text. A complete introduction to each literary unit in...

Jonah says he cried to Yahweh “from the belly of Sheol” (LEB). Sheol was the place of the dead, and ancient Israelites considered it to be a place of darkness (Job 10:21–22; 17:13) and dust (Ps 22:15, 29). All dead people descended there, and no one returned from it (Job 7:9–10). Furthermore, no one could worship Yahweh there (Pss 6:5; 88:11–12; Achtemeier 2012, 272). The only occurrence of the expression “from the belly of Sheol” in the Old Testament is in Jonah 2:2. The
Jonah 2:2–8