Bibliography

Barrett, C. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles. International Critical Commentary 2. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1998.

Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Hemer, Colin J. The Book of Acts in the Setting of Hellenistic History. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 49. Tübingen: Mohr, 1989.

Koester, Helmut, ed. Cities of Paul Images and Interpretations from the Harvard New Testament Archaeology Project. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2005.

Metzger, Bruce M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994.

Peterson, David G. The Acts of the Apostles. Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.

Wilson, Mark. Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları, 2010.

Warren Johnson

Tyre (צור, tswr). A town on the Phoenician coast founded during the third millennium bc. Located approximately 35 kilometers south of Sidon.

Introduction

Tyre originally consisted of a mainland urban center (Palaetyrus, meaning “Old Tyre”) and an island located a short distance off the Phoenician coast. Following Alexander’s conquest of the region in 332 bc, the island was linked to the mainland by a causeway built from the rubble provided from the destruction of Old Tyre. That causeway has broadened over the centuries, accounting for Tyre’s present-day peninsular formation. Tyre is located approximately 35 km south of Sidon, whose close proximity encouraged ongoing tensions between the two city-states over the centuries.