The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Biblia.com)

Targum (תרגום, trgwm; pl. targumim). Aramaic word meaning “translation.” Technically, this designation can refer to translation into any language. However, in rabbinic literature, the word is used to speak of the practice of translating the biblical Hebrew text into the vernacular Aramaic within Jewish synagogues. As such, the Targums were initially an oracular (but not extemporaneous) phenomenon, performed by the targumist along with the reading of the biblical text. Later traditions forbade the use of a written targum within the synagogue’s liturgical practices (Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Megillah 4:1, 74d).

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