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Sumer (Sumerian, sumeru). Located in southeastern Mesopotamia in the fertile valley. Extends northwest from the Persian Gulf between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers up to the modern city of Baghdad. The name Sumer is derived from the Akkadian word for land (shumeru). Sumer was a confederation of city-states including Ur, Uruk, Kish, Nippur, Lagash, and Eridu. The civilization flourished from the later part of the fourth millennium through the third millennium. While Sumer is not specifically mentioned in the Bible, Sumerian culture and literature likely impacted biblical authors as mediated through other ancient Near Eastern cultures.
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