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Philip II of Macedon (Φίλιππος, Philippos). King of Macedonia from 359–336 bc, when he was assassinated. Father of Alexander the Great.

Philip II was the first pan-Hellenic king and the father of Alexander the Great (1 Macc 1:1; 6:2). Philip took over the throne of Macedonia in 359 bc, although the rightful heir was his nephew, Perdiccas. By 338 bc, Philip had united all of Greece as the League of Corinth through diplomacy and war, which successfully repelled Persian invasion. Under the League of Corinth, the Greek city-states were under the control of the Macedonian king. After Philip’s assassination by another Macedonian in 336 bc, his son Alexander the Great (356–323 bc) took over the kingdom. Alexander famously created an empire encompassing Greece, Egypt, the ancient Near East, and the eastern edge of India (Martin, Ancient Greece, 174, 176, 187–97).

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