The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Biblia.com)

Mattathias, Father of the Maccabees (Ματταθίας, Mattathias). A priest who fathered five sons, including Judas Maccabeus (1 Macc 2:1–5). Instrumental in the Maccabean revolt, which is described in the books of the Maccabees.

When the officers of Antiochus IV Epiphanes commanded Mattathias to sacrifice to the Greek gods, Mattathias refused. He then killed another Jew who stepped up to sacrifice, killed an officer commanding the sacrifice, and tore down the altar. He and his sons then fled to the hills (1 Macc 2:15–28). Mattathias’ actions sparked widespread rebellion, which his son Judas led after Mattathias’ death.

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