Beth-eden (בֵּית עֶדֶן, beith eden; “house of delight”). An Aramean kingdom on the upper Euphrates, about 200 miles north of Damascus. Amos prophesied against it (Amos 1:5).
Assyrian royal inscriptions of the ninth and eighth centuries bc refer to Beth-eden as “Bit-Adini.” The Assyrian king Shalmaneser III conquered it and renamed its capital, Til Barsup, as “Kar-Shalmaneser.” The Assyrian general Shamshi-ilu governed it during much of the eighth century bc. Since Amos wrote in the mid-eighth century, his prophecy likely came during Shamshi-ilu’s rule, though it is not clear that the “one who takes hold of the scepter” of Beth-eden is Shamshi-ilu. Beth-eden also can be referred to simply as “Eden” (e.g., 2 Kgs 19:12; Isa 37:12; Ezek 27:23).
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