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Artaxerxes (אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא, artachshasta'). Artaxerxes is the Latinized Greek form of the Achaemenid throne-name Artaxshasa, meaning “He who reigns through order/truth.” The name appears in Ezra and Nehemiah as the King of Persia. There were three Achaemenid kings who took the throne-name Artaxerxes (Arses I ‘Longimanus’: 465–424 bc; Arsakes II ‘Memnon’: 404–359; Ochus III: 359–338). Arses IV (337–336) also might have taken the name Artaxerxes, and Bessus V—the murderer of Darius III—also briefly used it (330 bc).
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