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Antiochus VII Sidetes (ca. 159–129 bc). Seleucid ruler from 138–129 bc; younger son of Demetrius I; brother of Demetrius II. When Antiochus’ older brother and rightful Seleucid king Demetrius II was captured by the Parthians, Antiochus VII defeated the usurping king, Trypho, and established himself on the throne.
He curried favor with the Jews initially (1 Macc 15:1–9), but his later policies led to war (1 Macc 15:38–41; 16:1–10). In 135/134 bc Antiochus besieged Jerusalem and ultimately conquered it. He was killed in battle against the Parthians in 129 bc.
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