The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Biblia.com)

Terminology

The Old Testament contains several Hebrew words for goats:

• The generic term “goat” (עֵז, ez) appears around 70 times, sometimes in reference to a goat’s hair (e.g., Exod 25:4).

• The word for “male goat” (עַתּוּד, attud) is used both in reference to the animal and metaphorically for persons in leadership (e.g., Zech 10:3).

• The term literally translated as “hairy” (שָׂעִיר, sa'ir) frequently appears in relation to goats offered in the sacrificial system, though it may also refer to goat idols.

The generic Greek term for “goat” (τράγος, tragos) appears approximately four times in the New Testament (e.g., Heb 9:12). The Greek terms meaning “young goat” or “kid” (ἔριφος, eriphos; and ἐρίφιον, eriphion) can refer to male or female goats in general when used in the plural (e.g., Matt 25:32–33).

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