The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Biblia.com)

Combat and Monsters

Later in the Protoliterate Period, combat themes begin to appear on art, as demonstrated by a stone vase depicting lions attacking bulls. This art demonstrates that the Mesopotamians saw the world as a fighting arena for opposing forces. Archaeologists have also discovered freestanding sculptures of monsters and mythological beings from periods throughout Mesopotamian history (Frankfort, Art and Architecture, 31–33). These sculptures convey terror and helplessness and demonstrate that Mesopotamians were plagued by the constant fear of the divine. The monsters of the Protoliterate Period include a beast with sharp fangs and a beast with claws extended.

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