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Unicorn (μονόκερως, monokerōs). A single-horned animal. The English word “unicorn” now signifies a mythical animal resembling a horse with a single horn protruding from its forehead. However, the word basically means “one-horned.” Early translations of the Bible into English used “unicorn” for the Hebrew word רְאֵם (re'em), which refers to a kind of ox (e.g., Job 39:9–10). The identification of the רְאֵם (re'em) as a one-horned animal likely derived from the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Bible. The Septuagint translators sometimes used the Greek word μονόκερως (monokerōs), also meaning “one-horned,” to represent the Hebrew רְאֵם (re'em) (e.g., Num 23:22; 24:8; Deut 33:17; Pss 22:21; 29:6; Job 39:9). When Jerome translated the Vulgate, he used unicornis and rinoceros for רְאֵם (re'em). The translators of the King James Version then used the English word “unicorn” for רְאֵם (re'em) (Psa 92:10; Isa 34:7; Job 39:9–10), following standard English usage for the time. As early as the 14th century ad, English translations of biblical passages had typically represented רְאֵם (re'em) as “unicorn” (Mangum, “Chasing Unicorns,” 32–33). Other early modern English writers discussed the unicorn as a rare, but real, creature (Mangum, “Chasing Unicorns,” 32). The reference to attempting to use the רְאֵם (re'em) for plowing in Job 39:9–10 suggests the animal should be understood as an undomesticated ox (Mangum, “Chasing Unicorns,” 33).
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About The Lexham Bible DictionaryThe Lexham Bible Dictionary spans more than 7,200 articles, with contributions from hundreds of top scholars from around the world. Designed as a digital resource, this more than 4.5 million word project integrates seamlessly with the rest of your Logos library. And regular updates are applied automatically, ensuring that it never goes out of date. Lexham Bible Dictionary places the most relevant information at the top of each article and articles are divided into specific subjects, making the entire dictionary more useable. In addition, hand-curated links between articles aid your research, helping you naturally move through related topics. The Lexham Bible Dictionary answers your questions as they arise and expands your knowledge of the Bible. |
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