not my purpose here necessarily to challenge the standard narrative of the fifth-century controversies. I do want to argue, however, that a fundamental shift took place in Pro-Nicene accounts of the Incarnation during the mid-fourth century, and that the story of this shift can only be told by examining the development of Pro-Nicene exegesis. To test my thesis, I will examine Gregory of Nyssa’s interpretation of Phil 2:6–7 in the context of fourth-century attempts to describe the Incarnation and