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When to fight and when to compromise are not always easy choices to make. Stubbornly defending the truth can easily end up in arrogance that discredits the gospel, while too readily seeking middle ground can leave truth by the wayside. Torn by conflict and marred by schism, the congregation to whom John addressed his letters stood in need of his strong exhortations to love and unity within the...

Concluding Assurances and Admonitions (5:18–21) Ever pastoral, the Elder closes his letter with three statements of assurance, each beginning we know … Each statement points to a truth that John affirms as well as to a reality that his readers have experienced. By assuring them that they can properly claim these realities for themselves, the Elder reaffirms to the community its identity as those who are rightly related in fellowship to God. As he does regularly throughout the epistle, he tells his