In defense of the notion that blood sacrifice might be the instrument by which a covenant was enacted, appeal might be made to Psalm 50:5 which refers to “those who have made [lit. “cut”] a covenant with Me by sacrifice.” The verse appears to suggest that sacrifice was the instrument by which the covenant was cut; however, this notion is based on the way the Hebrew has been translated (or mistranslated). The English “by” translates the Hebrew preposition עַל. While in English, “by” may carry an instrumental