Isaiah does not elsewhere certainly use אבוס or פשע ב, for instance, tells us nothing, for he may have had no need to use them, while to argue that so common a word as שמים ‘confirme qu’il s’agit d’un passage tardif’ (Gosse, ‘Isaïe 1’) is clearly absurd. Equally, the use of words in later passages of the book of Isaiah is generally inconclusive. Since there are many examples of the later imitation of earlier parts of the Isaianic corpus, it needs to be established which passage is dependent on which.