Holy Spirit anoints and empowers Jesus to fulfill His unique ministry as Messiah. In chapters 3 and 4, the five explicit references to the Spirit progress in their force: (1) the Spirit comes upon Jesus in bodily form like a dove (3:22); (2) He leads Jesus into the wilderness to be tempted (4:1); (3) following His victory over temptation, Jesus returns to Galilee empowered by the same Spirit (4:14); (4) in the Nazareth synagogue Jesus reads the messianic passage, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me” (4:18;