(two accusative complements). Noun phrases that are accusative complements are sometimes preceded by the accusative marker אֶת (i.e., the so-called definite direct object maker), but more often than not the אֶת is missing. Noun phrases that are oblique complements are marked by a preposition, such as the ל in (5); alternatively, the oblique complement may be an adverbial phrase like שָׁם (see וַיֵּשְׁבוּ שָׁם in Ruth 1:4). In contrast to complements, adjuncts are optional constituents modifying the