several of these problems of particular value: synoptic relationships, other sources, and multiple communities. The question of the relationship of John’s gospel to the Synoptic Gospels has undergone significant change over the last one hundred or so years.43 The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Johannine scholarship tended to argue for a dependent relationship between John’s gospel and the Synoptics. As we have observed above, this relationship was virtually always seen as John’s gospel