single word or two can activate scriptural texts in the readers’ memory. In addition to alluding to specific texts, authors can sometimes develop Old Testament concepts or themes which find expression in several OT texts.18 According to William Lane, in Hebrews “Every chapter is marked by explicit or implicit references to the biblical text.”19 I would contend that the author’s language in 6:4–6 is colored by OT references by means of allusion and echo apart from direct citation. Initial justification