JETS 45:2 (June 2002) p. 297 Sanders can even say our free actions originate “ex nihilo.”103 And yet, if the doctrine of concurrence is derived by applying conservation to action and conservation is a necessary corollary of creatio ex nihilo, rejecting concurrence undermines the doctrine of creation from nothing. Francisco Suarez, the sixteenth-century Spanish Jesuit, made this clear in the following argument: If God does not have an immediate influence on every action of a creature, then a created