from this category (since they are typically antecedent in time). The future adverbial participle always belongs here;57 the present participle frequently does. The aorist participle also has a representative or two, but this is unusual.58 Third, many present participles that fit this usage are lexically influenced. Verbs such as seek (ζητέω) or signify (σημαίνω), for example, involve the idea of purpose lexically. Fourth, the telic participle almost always follows the controlling verb.59 Thus,