preliminary sketch of Chapters I and II (in Part I) that the doctrine of the two kingdoms provides the framework for Luther’s observations on reason: and in Part II it is further shown how close the assault on reason stands to the cardinal doctrine of forgiveness. It is in order to stress this remarkable association of ‘reason’ and ‘forgiveness’ that our essay bears the title ‘Grace and Reason’ rather than ‘Faith and Reason’. For the problem of human reason, according to Luther, is that it cannot