itself divine prerogatives, such as establishing doctrine. An example of this is Rome’s teaching on Mary, established by the papacy. In 1854, Pope Pius IX declared the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception: that Mary was free from original sin in the very moment of her conception. In 1950 Pope Pius XII declared the bodily assumption of Mary into heaven. Rome currently goes so far as to speak of Mary as co-redeemer. Quoting a document of the Second Vatican Council, the Catechism of the Catholic Church