first, PLACE, defines the TRAJECTOR’s position with respect to the LANDMARK: John is on the chair, The apple is in the basket, The balloon is over the house. The second, PATH, specifies the change in location of the TRAJECTOR relative to the LANDMARK. Some prepositions default to a static relationship, The hat is on the rack. The preposition on provides the location of the hat in relation to the rack. Others default to a dynamic relationship, The apple fell from the tree. The preposition from furnishes