by the terseness of a more literal translation: “For the Spirit was not yet, because Jesus was not yet glorified.” The two occurrences of “not yet” are categorical: no glorification of Jesus, no Spirit. This absoluteness, to head off a misunderstanding, is not to be understood as if John is denying the obvious, as if he means that prior to Christ’s glorification the Spirit was not present and active in the creation or not at work among God’s old covenant people and in Jesus’s earthly ministry. Rather,