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Rabbinic Writings
Writing | Date (AD) | Description |
Mishnah | 200 | The earliest compilation of Rabbinic tradition or “Oral Torah,” consisting of legal interpretations of biblical law. |
Tosefta | 200 | A companion collection to the Mishnah, containing expanded versions of similar oral traditions. |
Palestinian Talmud | 425 | An earlier collection of Rabbinic interpretation on the Mishnah attributed to Rabbinic groups based in Palestine. |
Babylonian Talmud | 525 | The most authoritative collection of Rabbinic interpretation on the Mishnah attributed to the Rabbinic schools in Mesopotamia. |
Midrashim | 200–1000 | Rabbinic commentaries systematically collecting Rabbinic interpretations on specific verses of Scripture. Exegetical midrashim like Genesis Rabbah and Mekhilta focus on explaining the biblical text. Homiletical midrashim like Leviticus Rabbah are based on sermons preached by the ancient rabbis following the Scripture readings assigned to festivals and Sabbaths. |
Exegetical Midrashim | Date (AD) | Description |
Mekhilta | 200 | Commentary on Exodus 12–40 |
Sifra | 200 | Commentary on Leviticus |
Sifre | 200 | Commentary on Numbers and Deuteronomy |
Genesis Rabbah | 400–650 | Commentary on Genesis |
Lamentations Rabbah | 400–650 | Commentary on Lamentations |
Ecclesiastes Rabbah | 650–900 | Commentary on Ecclesiastes |
Midrash Proverbs | 650–900 | Commentary on Proverbs |
Midrash Psalms | 900–1000 | Commentary on Psalms |
Homiletical Midrashim | Date (AD) | Description |
Pesiqta de-Rav Kahana | 400–650 | A collection of 33 sermons on the lessons for special Sabbaths and holidays. |
Leviticus Rabbah | 400–650 | A collection of sermons based on passages from Leviticus used in synagogue worship. |
Avot de-Rabbi Nathan | 650–900 | A collection of Rabbinic interpretations expounding on the section of the Mishnah known as Pirqei Avot. |
Deuteronomy Rabbah | 650–900 | A collection of 25 sermons on parts of Deuteronomy used as lessons in Sabbath worship. |
Midrash Tanhuma | 650–900 | A collection of sermons covering the entire Pentateuch. |
Pesiqta Rabbati | 650–900 | A collection of 51 sermons on passages from the Pentateuch and the Prophets connected to Sabbaths and festivals. |
Exodus Rabbah | 900–1000 | A collection of sermons on parts of Exodus |
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About Faithlife Study BibleFaithlife Study Bible (FSB) is your guide to the ancient world of the Old and New Testaments, with study notes and articles that draw from a wide range of academic research. FSB helps you learn how to think about interpretation methods and issues so that you can gain a deeper understanding of the text. |
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