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Old Testament Theophanies

Type of Theophany*

Reference

Notes

God appears to Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden

Gen 3:8–13

God appears to Cain

Gen 4:1–16 (e.g. Gen 4:16)

God appears to Abram

Gen 12:6–7; 17:1–21

God comes to Abram

Gen 15:1–21

Vision fused with actions

Appearance to Hagar by a spring

Gen 16:7–14

Angel of Yahweh

Abraham’s three visitors

Gen 18:1–33 (18:10, 22, 33)

Binding of Isaac

Gen 22

Angel of Yahweh (Gen 22:11, 15)

Isaac at Gerar

Gen 26:2–5, 24–25

Jacob’s dream of angels at Bethel

Gen 28:10–22

Dream

Jacob wrestles with God

Gen 32:22–32

God renames Jacob

Gen 35:1–15

God tells Jacob to move to Egypt

Gen 46:2–7

Vision

The Burning Bush

Exod 3:1–4:17

Angel of Yahweh (Exod 3:2)

God tells Moses to return to Egypt; “bridegroom of blood”

Exod 4:19–26

God’s glory passes by Moses (cleft of the rock)

Exod 33:17–23

Commissioning of Joshua

Deut 31:14–15

Call of Gideon

Judg 6:11–24

Angel of Yahweh (Judg 6:12)

Solomon’s prayer for wisdom

1 Kgs 3:3–15; 2 Chr 1:7–13

Dream

God speaks to Elijah (still small voice)

1 Kgs 19:9–18

God speaks to Job

Job 38:1; 40:6; 42:7–9

Call of Isaiah

Isa 6:1–13

Vision

Call of Jeremiah

Jer 1:4–10 (see Jer 1:9)

Word of Yahweh (Jer 1:4)

God appears to Ezekiel

Ezek 1:4–28

Ezekiel’s vision of God leaving the temple

Ezek 10:1–22

Vision (see Ezek 8:1–4)

Nebuchadnezzar’s furnace

Dan 3:24–25

“Angel” (Dan 3:28)

Handwriting on the wall

Dan 5:1–31

Hand sent from presence of God (Dan 5:24)

The pillar of fire and cloud that led Israel in the wilderness

Exod 13:21–22; Num 9:15–23; 10:11–12, 34

The pillar of fire and cloud between Israel and Egypt

Exod 14:19–20, 24–25

Angel of God (Exod 14:19)

The glory of Yahweh appears in a cloud

Exod 16:10

Revelation at Mt. Sinai†

Exod 19:16–20; Deut 4:9–14

The glory of God appears in a cloud on Mt. Sinai

Exod 24:15–18

Cloud over tent of meeting with Moses (before tabernacle)

Exod 33:7–11

Cloud over tent of meeting; glory of God in tabernacle

Exod 40:34–38

The 70 elders

Num 11:24–25

Judgment on Miriam and Aaron

Num 12:5

Glory of God fills Solomon’s temple

1 Kgs 8:1–11; 2 Chr 5:13–14; 7:1–3

*Theophanies are special manifestations of God that are accompanied by acute awareness of His presence. Prophetic dialogue (compare Exod 6–14) is not a theophany.

†The revelation at Sinai became the template for theophanic depictions of God at Mt. Zion/Jerusalem (e.g. Psalms 18:7–20, 29:1–11, 97:1–5, 144:5–6; Mic 1:2–4).

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Faithlife Study Bible (FSB) is your guide to the ancient world of the Old and New Testaments, with study notes and articles that draw from a wide range of academic research. FSB helps you learn how to think about interpretation methods and issues so that you can gain a deeper understanding of the text.

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