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Old Testament Anthropological Terms

Life Force*

“Inner Life”†

“Inner Life”‡

nephesh

Gen 1:20–21, 24, 30; 9:4–5; 12:13; 19:19; 35:18; Exod 4:19; Job 11:20; 33:22, 28, 30

Gen 34:3, 8; 42:21; Exod 15:19; 23:19; Lev 26:15, 30, 43; Num 21:4; 1 Sam 1:10, 15; 2 Sam 5:8; 17:8; 2 Kgs 4:27; Job 14:22; Pss 6:3; 13:2; 23:3; 35:25; 42:1–2; Jer 13:17; 14:19; Lam 3:17

Lev 26:16; Deut 4:29; 6:5; 10:12; 11:13, 18; 14:26; 21:14; 23:24; Judg 16:16; 1 Sam 2:33; 23:20; Pss 42:6; 107:26; Prov 19:2

ruach

Gen 6:17; 7:15, 22; 45:27; Job 7:7; Psa 135:17; Zech 12:1

Num 5:14; 5:30; 2 Chr 18:22; Prov 14:29; Eccl 10:4; Isa 54:6; 57:15

Exod 6:9; Num 14:24; Josh 2:11; 5:1; 1 Chr 28:12; Ezra 1:1; Job 32:18; Pss 34:19; 51:19; Prov 15:13; 16:19; 17:22, 27; 18:14; 29:23; Eccl 7:8; Isa 19:3; 29:24; 57:15; 61:3; Jer 10:14; 51:11; 51:17; Ezek 11:19; 18:31; 21:12; 36:26; Dan 5:12; 6:4; Hag 1:14

leb/lebab

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Gen 6:6; 34:3; Judg 16:25; 1 Kgs 21:7; 2 Kgs 6:11

Gen 6:5; 8:21; 31:20; 42:28; Exod 28:3; 35:34; 31:6; Num 16:28; 1 Sam 10:26; 17:32; 24:6; 2 Sam 15:13; 24:10; 1 Kgs 3:9; 2 Kgs 12:5; 1 Chr 12:34; Psa 12:3; Eccl 1:16; Lam 3:33; 2:10; Ezek 13:1–3

nishmath, ruach

Gen 7:22; Job 27:3; 32:8; Isa 42:5; 57:16

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nishmath, nephesh

Gen 2:7; Josh 11:11

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*That which animates the body

†The seat of emotions

‡Internal dispositions, attitudes, and abilities

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