6:2 he deceives his fellow citizen These concerns are specifically focused on relationships with a person’s “neighbor.” The Israelite was to love his neighbor as himself (19:18).

6:4 is guilty The Hebrew verb used here, asham, indicates the person is guilty and willing to make amends, thus it is often translated here in a way that reflects people coming to realize their guilt.

6:5 shall add one-fifth of its value to it Making full reparation required paying the principle plus an additional fifth of the value.

6:6 a guilt offering See note on 5:14.

Types of Offerings in the Old Testament Table

6:9 the burnt offering Burnt offerings were offered to make atonement and played an important part in public worship (Num 28–29). The offering served to restore relationship to God or to please God. Burnt offerings also played a role in the procedures for cleansing various ritual impurities (e.g., Lev 12:6–7; 14:19–20; 15:30). See 1:1–17; and note on 1:3.

all night until the morning The altar was to be kept burning continually with a burnt offering. See note on 1:3–17.

6:12 must be kept burning See note on v. 9.

6:14 the grain offering Grain offerings were mixed with oil and frankincense and a token amount was burned on the altar. Compare 2:1–3.

6:15 finely milled flour The Hebrew word used here, soleth, probably refers to wheat flour (compare Exod 29:2). The term is also used in 2 Kgs 7:16, where an explicit distinction is made between soleth and se'orah (barley). Based on the economic context of 2 Kgs 7:16, it appears that wheat usually cost twice as much as barley. Soleth also seems to be high quality flour as opposed to ordinary flour (qemach in Hebrew; compare 1 Kgs 4:22).

6:16 they must eat it as unleavened bread in a holy place The priests could eat the rest of the offering aside from the token amount burned on the altar. The meal had to be eaten in a sacred area—the courtyard of the tabernacle.

6:17 a most holy thing Certain offerings could only be eaten by the priests because of the holiness of the offering. The grain offering was like two other offerings in that only priests were eligible to eat from it: the chatta’th (sin or purification) and the asham (reparation, restitution, or guilt).

6:18 will become holy Not in the sense of moral purity, but in the sense of being set apart.

6:20 his being anointed Aaron and his four sons were anointed when they were ordained as priests (see Lev 8:12, 30). According to 21:10, the chief priest was the anointed one, suggesting that anointing was only part of the ordination ceremony for future high priests, not all priests. Compare Exod 28:41; 29:21; 30:30; 40:13–15.

6:28 a clay vessel The meat of the sacrifice made whatever it was cooked in holy. If the meat was cooked in a breakable container, then the container had to be destroyed after cooking. If it was cooked in a metal container, it had to be washed thoroughly.