45:1 an inheritance Refers to traditions about Israel’s inheritance of the land. See note on Ezek 36:12.

you shall provide a contribution for Yahweh The Hebrew word used here, terumah, denotes something set apart as a contribution or offering, often for food offerings designated for the priests.

its length being twenty-five thousand Assuming Ezekiel’s measurements are still based on the long cubit (about 21 inches or 1.75 feet), this holy district is roughly 8.3 miles by 6.6 miles, an area of nearly 55 square miles or 35,200 acres. See note on 40:5.

45:2 five hundred cubits by five hundred As in 42:16–20.

fifty cubits of open space shall be for it all around A buffer zone to prevent the temple from being defiled by anyone who was not ritually pure.

45:3 a length of twenty-five thousand cubits and a width of ten thousand The sacred district is divided in half. The first half is for the temple and living space for the priests. The other half serves as living space for the Levites (v. 5).

45:6 property of the city The Hebrew term used here, achuzzah, indicates a possession or a portion that is given or set apart. The land adjacent to the sacred district is assigned to the city. Ezekiel 48:15–18 details how this land was used.

five thousand cubits in width and twenty-five thousand cubits in length Assuming that the Hebrew text’s cubit is equal to 21 inches, the city’s allotment would have been nearly 12.5 square miles—just over 1.5 miles by 8.3 miles.

45:7 the tribal portions The Hebrew word used here, cheleq (plural chalaqim), can describe the land given as the inheritance (see note on 36:12). The word refers to portions of land allotted to the tribes of Israel after the conquest (e.g., Josh 19:9). The tribal allotments are outlined in Ezek 48:1–7.

45:8 princes shall not again oppress By taking land away from the people (see 22:27).

45:9 put away violence and destruction Compare Isa 1:16–17.

and do justice and righteousness An ideal promoted throughout the ot (see Isa 5:7 and note; and Isa 56:1 and note).

45:10 an honest ephah and an honest bath Compare Lev 19:35–36. An ephah was a dry measure (3/5 of a bushel; 22 liters), while a bath was a liquid measure (about 6 gallons; 22 liters).

45:11 the homer About 6 bushels or 220 liters.

45:12 the shekel shall weigh twenty gerahs The shekel was a standard for measuring weight, approximately 11 grams. The gerah was 0.6 grams.

mina A larger unit for measuring weight, approximately 60 shekels or about 1.25 pounds.

45:13 the contribution offering which you shall present Ezekiel outlines exact responsibilities. The community presents offerings to the prince, who passes them on to the priests at the appropriate times.

45:17 burnt offerings, and the grain offering, and the libation See note on Ezek 40:39.

the feasts, and at the New Moon festivals, and at the Sabbaths See note on Isa 1:13.

45:18 the first day of the month Ezekiel’s attention to the timing of certain sacrifices and religious observances recalls Lev 23:1–44 and Num 28–29. However, the sacred times he specifies do not align precisely with those earlier texts; they likely reflect the new priorities of the restored temple.

45:21 the Passover, a feast lasting for See Exod 12; Deut 16.

45:25 on the fifteenth day of the month The feast is not named here, but the date coincides with the Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths; see Lev 23:34 and note).