Rome. Although Nicholas Wiseman, later the head of the restored Roman hierarchy, had spoken against them, some saw the Tractarians not as reformers of the Church from within but as dangerous separatists who would drive people to Rome, or spread popish ideas within the English fold. Newman still saw himself as defending his Church against the corruptions of Rome as much as against the onslaughts of Liberalism. In 1837 he wrote ‘Romanism and Popular Protestantism’ asking for more care and scruple in