It is also possible that a time reference is explicit in this participle, referring to the time when they became Christians [TH]. QUESTION—What is the force of the prefixed preposition ἐπί- in ἐποικοδομηθέντες ‘having been built upon’? It gives the verb the meaning of ‘to build up’ [Alf, Ea, EGT, El, ICC, My, TD] or ‘to build further’ [TD], referring to the superstructure which is erected on the foundation. Other commentators, however, say the verb only means ‘to build upon’ [DNTT, Rob], the